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It still takes a major effort of historical imagination to enter the minds of those who lived during the Reformation Era, who were willing to suffer martyrdom or martyr others for what we would regard as minor doctrinal differences. These 36 lectures are designed to take you inside the minds of those who supported the Reformation and those who resisted it. They cover the three broad religious traditions that endured or arose during these years:
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This program discusses papal reactions to church dissidents. Thirteenth-century fragmentation of religious orders into various sects is examined. Discussions include St. Francis of Assisi; the French Albigenses sect and the Albigensean Crusade; the fall of Albi; the Cathars and their extermination by the Inquisition; Pope Innocent III; the founding of the Dominican order; and the Ecumenical Council of 1215.
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Why would 300-year-old educational theories be of interest to teachers of young children today? This program features the ideas of early researchers and philosophers, showing how these pioneers laid the groundwork for modern concepts of elementary school instruction. Locke's opposition to rote memorization, Rousseau's belief in self-direction, the recognition of each child's individuality by Pestalozzi, and Froebel's creative preschool techniques...
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Documents the story of the violent revolution that signaled the end of the political power of the popes and resulted in the emergence of modern Europe.
Days after his prime minister was assassinated in the middle of Rome in November 1848, Pope Pius IX found himself a virtual prisoner in his own palace. Only two years earlier Pius's election had triggered a wave of optimism across Italy: he was seen as a youthful, benevolent new pope who would at...